99年1月 试卷代号____
PART I STRUCTURE AND VOCABULARY
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences,
there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best
completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening
the corresponding letter. (25 points)
1. We shall have an opportunity to exchange _____ tomorrow.
A. sights B. meanings C. views D.
minds
2. A man’s _____ lessens as he grows old.
A. life B. effort C. temper D. vigor
3. Will you _____ my clothes while I go for a swim?
A.. watch B. notice C. intend D. attend
4. This room _____ 10 meters across.
A. broadens B. measures C. averages
D. lengthens
5. Many birds _____ the island during the summer months.
A. settle B. remove C. join D. visit
6. Nothing that I can see _____ what you have described.
A. compares B. resembles C. relates
D. consists
7. Now the income of the family was _____ more than one-third.
A. returned to B. dropped off C. reached
for D. cut down
8. How far was he _____ for what had happened?
A. reliable B. respective C. responsible
D. provided
9.George took _____ of the fine weather to do a day’s
work in his garden.
.A. advantage B. interest C. profit
D. charge
10.Richard _____ that his pen must have fallen from his
pocket as he was running for the bus.
A. consented B. concluded C. contended
D. contested
11.He ____ the key on the table.14
.A. left B. lost C. remained D. brought
up
12.You have to act ____ if you are to save his life.
A. rightly B. immensely C. immediately
D. firstly
13.Larry was so ____ in his novel that he forgot about
his dinner cooking in the oven.
A. absorbed B. drawn C. attracted
D. obliged
14.Her parents insisted that she ____ until she finished
her degree.
A. stayed B. stay C. stays D. would
stay
15.Watch your steps, _____ you might fall into the water.
A. or B. and C. unless D. but
16.Ford proposed a system _____ each worker would have
a special job to do.
A.that B. in which C. which
D. at which
17. This office ____ licenses for motor cars.
A. furnishes with B. provides for
C. deals in D. deals with
18. The Americans and the British not only speak the
same language but also_____a large
number of social customs.
A. join B. take C. share D. make
I9. I _____ swimming until Father returned.
A. went B. didn’t go C. hadn’t gone
D. would go
20._____ great was the destruction that the South took
decades to recover.
A. Very B. Too C. Such D. So
21._____ the West End of London, the East End is a slum
district where mostly the working people live.
A. By contrast B. By contrast to C.
In contrast D. In contrast to
22.The students _____ their thanks to Professor Davis
by presenting him with a parting gift.
A. revealed B. expressed C. showed
D. said
23. I _____ you to go to the Department of Education
to ask for information about it.
A. advertise B. announce C. notice
D. advise
24._____ the sea is rich with life, the most part of
it is not nearly as productive as the land.
A. Because B. Although C. As D. When
25. I remember my grandfather _____ me to the mountains
when I was about 5 years of age.
A. taking B. to take C. take D. had
taken
PART II CLOZE
Directions: There are 15 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices A, B, C and D. You should choose the answer that best fits into the passage, and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. (15 points)
In recent years
television has become the most popular form of entertainment. __1__ does
not look as if it will be __2__ popular in the world of the future. In
fact, it looks as __3__ television will become more popular __4__ ever.
New systems of television have been made possible by the __5__ of the laser.
A laser is a beam of light __6__ has many strange qualities. By using a
laser, it is possible to __7__ very large and very clear television pictures
__8__ to a screen. These pictures __9__ as large as three meters __10__
three meters. Many people could __11__ this kind of television together.
Laser beams
have also __12__ very thin television sets possible. These sets can __13__
on the wall of a room. Another __14__ in the future will be three dimensional
television; the picture will look more “real” __15__ it will have depth
as well as height and strength.
| 1. | A. It | B. That | C. This | D. Which |
| 2. | A. few | B. less | C. much | D. more |
| 3. | A. if | B. more | C. so | D. far |
| 4. | A. for | B. as | C. than | D. then |
| 5. | A. illustration | B. founding | C. formatting | D. discovery |
| 6. | A. what | B. that | C. it | D. as |
| 7. | A. observe | B. watch | C. pick | D. throw |
| 8. | A. on | B. near | C. over | D. in |
| 9. | A. such | B. about | C. maybe | D. may be |
| 10. | A. for | B. plus | C. time | D. by |
| 11. | A. buy | B. watch | C. carry | D. choose |
| 12. | A. created | B. manufactured | C. made | D. produced |
| 13. | A. hung | B. design | C. hold | D. devise |
| 14. | A. resolution | B. development | C. encouragement | D. condition |
| 15. | A. while | B. though | C. because | D. therefore |
PART III READING COMPREHENSION
Directions: There are 3 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some question or unfinished statements. Each of them is given 4 suggested answers A, B, C and. You should choose the ONE best answer and mark the corresponding letter on he Answer Sheet.(30 points)
(1)
There are two
types of people in the world. Although they have equal degrees of health
and wealth and the other comforts of life, one becomes happy, the other
becomes miserable. This arises form the different ways in which they consider
things, persons, and events, and the resulting effects upon their minds.
The people
who are to be happy fix their attention on the conveniences of things,
the pleasant parts of conversation, the well-prepared dishes, the goodness
of the wines, the fine weather. They enjoy all the cheerful things. Those
who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the contrary things. Therefore,
they are continually discontented. By their remarks, they sour the pleasures
of society, offend many people and make themselves disagreeable everywhere.
If this turn of mind were founded in nature, such unhappy persons would
be the more to be pitied. The tendency to criticize and be disgusted is
perhaps taken up originally by imitation (模仿).
It grows into a habit, unknown to its possessors. The habit may be strong,
but it may be cured when those who have it are convinced of its bad effects
on their interests and tastes. I hope this little warning may be of service
to them, and help them change this habit.
Although in
fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination, it has serious consequences
in life, since it brings on deep sorrow and bad luck. Those people offend
many others, nobody loves them, and no one treats them with more than the
most common politeness and respect, and scarcely that. This frequently
puts them in bad temper and draws them into arguments. If they aim at obtaining
some advantage in rank or fortune, nobody wishes them success. Nor will
anyone stir a step or speak a word to favor their hopes. If they bring
on themselves public disapproval, no one will defend or excuse them, and
many will join to criticize their misconduct. These people should change
this bad habit and condescend (俯就) to be pleased
with what is pleasing, without worrying needlessly about themselves and
others. If they do not, it will be good for others to avoid any contact
with them. Otherwise, it can be disagreeable and sometimes very inconvenient,
especially when one becomes mixed up in their quarrels.
1. People who are unhappy
A. always consider things differently
from others.
B. usually are influenced by the results
of certain things.
C.can discover the unpleasant part
of certain things.
D.usually have a fault-finding habit.
2. The phrase “sour the pleasures
of society” most nearly means
A.“have a good taste to the pleasures
of society”.
B.“aren’t content with the pleasures
of society”.
C.“feel happy with the pleasures
of society”.
D.“enjoy the pleasures of society”
3. Which of the following statements is NOT true according
to the passage?
A.We should pity all such unhappy
people.
B.Such unhappy people are critical
about everything.
C.If such unhappy people recognize
the bad effects of the habit on themselves they may get rid of it.
D. Such unhappy people are also not
content with themselves.
4. “scarcely
that” means
A. “just like that”.
B. “almost not like that”.
C. “more than that”.
D. “not at all like that”.
5. If such unhappy persons don’t change
their bad behavior, the author’s solution to the problem is that
A.people should avoid contact with
them.
B.people should criticize their misconduct.
C.people should help them recognize
the bad effects of the habit.
D.people should show no respect and
politeness to them.
(2)
Shopping for
clothes is not the same experience for a man as it is for a woman. A man
goes shopping because he needs something. His purpose is settled and decided
in advance. He knows what he wants and his objective is to find it and
buy it; the price is a secondary consideration. All men simply walk into
a shop and ask the assistant for what they want. If the shop has it in
stock, the salesman promptly produces it and the business of trying it
on proceeds at once. All being well, the deal can be and often is completed
in less than five minutes, with hardly any chat and to everyone’s satisfaction.
For a man,
slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants, or
does not have exactly what he wants. In that case the salesman, as the
name implies, tries to sell the customer something else. He offers the
nearest he can to the article required. No good salesman brings out such
a substitute bluntly; he does so with skill and polish: “I know this jacket
is not the style you want, sir, but would you like to try it for size?
It happens to be the color you mentioned.” Few men have patience with
this treatment, and the usual response is : “This is the right color and
may be the right size, but I should be wasting my time and yours by trying
it on.”
Now how does
a woman go about buying clothes? In almost every respect she does so in
the opposite way. Her shopping is not often based on need. She has never
fully made up her mind what she wants, and she is only “having a look
round.” She is always open to persuasion; indeed she sets great store
by what the sales woman tells her, even by what companions tell her. She
will try on any number of things. Uppermost in her mind is the thought
of finding something that everyone thinks suits her. Contrary to a lot
of jokes, most women have an excellent sense of valve when they buy clothes.
They are always on the lookout for the unexpected bargain. Faced with a
roomful of dresses, a woman may easily spend an hour going form one rail
to another, to and fro, often retracing her steps, before selecting the
dresses she wants to try on. It is a laborious process, but apparently
an enjoyable one. Most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting husbands.
6. When a man is buying clothes,
A.he buys cheap things, regardless
of quality.
B.he chooses things that others recommend.
C.he does not mind how much he has
to pay for the right things.
D.he buys good quality things, so
long as they are not too expensive.
7. What does a man do when he
cannot get exactly what he wants?
A. He buys similar things of the color
he wants.
B.He usually does not buy anything.
C.At least two of his requirements
must be met before he buys.
D.So long as the style is right, he
buys the thing.
8. In commerce a good salesman is one who
A. treats his customers sharply.
B.always has in stock just what you
want.
C.does not waste his time on difficult
customers.
D.sells something a customer does
particularly want.
9. What does the passage tell us about women shoppers.
A.They welcome suggestions from anyone.
B.Women rarely consider buying cheap
clothes.
C.Women often buy things without giving
the matter proper thought.
D.They listen to advice but never
take it.
10.What is the most obvious difference between men and
women shoppers?
A.The fact that men do not try clothes
on in a shop.
B.Women bargain for their clothes,
but men do not.
C.Women stand up to shop, but men
sit down.
D.The time they take over buying clothes.
11. This passage is concerned mostly with
A. the consequences of the free enterprise
system in America.
B. the difficulty of living on a fixed
income.
C. innovative techniques in food processing.
D.the advances of advertising techniques.
12. The author implies that
A. products are more expensive in
the U.S. than anywhere else.
B. credit cards are often used illegally.
C. products very often do not perform
as advertised.
D. most Americans like to buy what
they cannot afford.
13. Consumers often do not know
A. the brand names of products they
buy regularly.
B. why they purchase certain products.
C. the current interest rates on savings
accounts.
D. where to buy cheaper things.
14. The author warns the reader to be cautious when
A. buying items on sale.
B. buying items on credit .
C. buying items at discount.
D. buying items advertised in newspapers.
15. The author points out that some families
A. are unprepared for financial emergencies.
B. forget to claim interest charges
on their income tax forms.
C. spend more money on food than they
would like to.
D. purchase a house without knowing
its true value.
PART IV TRANSLATION
Directions: Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet. (15 points)
（1）
The quiet life of the country has never appealed to me. City-born and city-bred, I have always regarded the country as something you look at through a train window, or something you occasionally visit during the week-end. Most of my friends live in the city, yet they always go into raptures at the mere mention of the country. Though they extol the virtues of the peaceful life, only one of them has ever gone to live in the country and he was back in town within six months. Even he still lives under the illusion that country life is somehow superior to town life. He is forever talking about the friendly people, the clean atmosphere, the closeness to nature and the gentle pace of living.
(2)
Punctuality is a necessary habit in all public affairs of a civilized society. Without it, nothing could ever be brought to a conclusion; everything would be in a state of chaos. Only in a sparsely-populated rural community is it possible to disregard it. In ordinary living there can be some tolerance of unpunctuality. The intellectual, who is working on some abstruse problem, has everything coordinated and organized for the matter in hand. He is therefore forgiven, if late for a dinner party. But people are often reproached for unpunctuality when their only fault is cutting things fine.
PART V WRITING (15 points)
Directions: Word limit 100-150 words.
(由研究生院从以下三个作文题目中挑选一题)
: (1) Should Students Do Part-Time Jobs？
(2) What Makes Life Worthwhile？
(3) My Father/Mother
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear nine short conversations
between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question
will be asked about what was said. The questions and the conversations
will be spoken just once. After you hear a conversation and the question
about it, read the four possible answers and decide which one is the best
answer to the question you have heard. Then on your answer sheet, find
the number of the question and mark the letter that corre-sponds to the
letter of the answer you have chosen.
1. A) Husband ?wife.
B) Boss ?secretary.
C) Customer ?cashier.
D) Telephone repairman ?customer.
2. A) By bus.
B) By train.
C) By car.
D) By taxi.
3. A) Buying some lace.
B) Breaking in his new shoes.
C) Purchasing new shoes.
D) Going shopping during the break.
4. A) The first hot dogs came from Germany.
B) Even countries like Finland have a kind of food similar
to hot dogs.
C) Some hot dogs are made from reindeer meat.
D) Hot dogs originated in the United States.
5. A) Packing one抯 own groceries.
B) The indifference of the employees.
C) The narrow choice of meats.
D) The higher prices.
6. A) A drive test.
B) A traffic accident.
C) A car race.
D) The best way to make signals.
7. A) A doctor.
B) A patient.
C) A pharmacist.
D) A health instructor.
8. A) Listening to the radio news.
B) Visiting the weather forecast station.
C) Getting ready for the coming storm. D) Watching
television.
9. A) She doesn抰 like John and Jim.
B) John and Jim look alike.
C) One copied from another.
D) John and Jim did well in the composition.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two short passages. At the
end of each of them, there will be some questions. All of them will be
read to you only once. After each question, there will be a short pause.
During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices
given by marking the corresponding letter on your answer sheet.
Questions 10 through 12 are based on the following talk.
10. A) Sunny.
B) Cool.
C) Snowy.
D) Rainy.
11. A) Along the Gulf coast.
B) In the desert Southwest.
C) In Florida.
D) Near Denver.
12. A) Hot.
B) Cold.
C) Cool.
D) Warm.
Questions 13 through 15 are based on the following passage.
13. A) A license to hunt and fish.
B) Sufficient land to preserve wildlife.
C) A study of potential damage by proposed dams.
D) Public disclosure of the disadvantages of dams.
14. A) Because it would flood farm land and destroy homes.
B) Because many people would lose their jobs.
C) Because valuable topsoil would be washed away.
D) Because it would endanger fish and destroy archaeological
sites.
15. A) By building dams for flood control.
B) By enforcing existing regulations.
C) By proving new wildlife refuges.
D) By controlling dangerous wildlife species.
PART II VOCABULARY And Structure ( 20 points)
Directions: Choose answer A, B, C or D that best defines the underlined word(s), or best fills in the blank.
16. This film is based upon an event occurred when the American colonies
_____ their
independence in 1776.
A. reigned B.
proclaimed C. protested
D .remarked
17. Christians believed that they were being published on the earth
because of
their ______ against God.
A. guilt
B. crimes C.
sins D. violations
18. We hope that every nation will present their rational, neutral and
______ view on the
General Assembly.
A. indifferent B. partial
C. racial D. unbiased
19. An ______ is a person who likes to spend time in activities with
other people rather
than in attending to his own thoughts and feelings.
A. introvert B. extrovert
C. executive D. exporter
20. ______. is the power to know how something happens or will happen,
without
reasoning.
A. Intuition B. Deduction
C. Prediction D. Precaution
21. The car stolen, the man blamed his wife and _______.
A. vice versa B. so on
C. that's all D. no more
22. _______ is the office or place where the people work who control
a large organization,
such as the police or army, or a private firm.
A. Mansion B. Cabinet
C. Headquarters D. Warehouse
23. ______ his efforts, he didn't succeed.
A. After all
B. For all
C. In all D. All for
24. Have you _______________ ?
A. any whatever interest B. any
interest whatever
C. whatever an interest
D. any whichever interest
25. It _____ thought that the earth was flat.
A. used to
B. used to be
C. used to being
D. was used to being
26. Although you failed to help us in time, we thank you.____ .
A. all the more
B. all the same
C. all the most
D. in the same way
27. The criminals confessed that they had _______ to rob a bank.
A. conducted B. conspired
C. conflicted D. consented
28. The turned earth _____ in the warm sun a delicate fragrance.
A. exhibited B. inhaled
C. exiled D. exhaled
29. We can not _______ the punctual arrival of trains in fog weather.
A. confide B.
conceal C.
console D. guarantee
30. His curiosity _______ him to ask questions.
A. posed
B. prompted C. tempted
D. postulated
31. From what he said, I _______ that he believed Tom had stolen his
watch.
A. impart
B. refer
C. infer D. imply
32. The new computer can be ________ to the needs of both home and business
users.
A. adopted B.
advocated C. adapted
D. adjoined
33. After a concert tour of Europe, Canada and the U.S., he will ______
work on a five-
language opera.
A. confine B.
indulge C.
resume D. undergo
34. They lost their way in the forest, and _____ made matters worse
was that night began to
fall.
A. that
B. it
C. what D. which
35. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened
_______ a sudden loud
noise.
A. being there B. should there
be C. there was D. there
having been
PART III CLOZE TEST (15 points)
Directions: Read the passage through. Then go back and choose one item of the most suitable word(s) marked A,B,C or D for each blank in the passage. Blacken the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.
In November this year a test was carried out for six hundred
Grade 6 students from Australia, Canada, England, France, Japan, Sweden,
Switzerland and the United States of America. In this test, the Japanese
students came out first and the Americans __36__. The Swedish students
won first __37__ in natural sciences but the Americans only the sixth.
U.S. Secretary of Education said that the test __38__ what our national
committee had been __39__ about most. Earlier this year, the committee
had pointed out in report that the United States was "a country in trouble"
.The __40__ decline in educational level was a(n) __41__ caused by unilateral
(????) cut on educational __42__.
Although the Swedish students __43__ in natural sciences this
time, __44__ according to last year's statistics, __45__ hundred thousand
youngsters were having trouble in reading and writing. Some alarming __46__
pointed out that elementary school graduates could __47__ read and write.
For many young people even reading was quite a task. Their writing ability
was __48__ to filling out forms only and letter writing was no easy job
for them. It is a(n) __49__ fact that the educational level in the West
is __50__ declining.
36. A. best
B. last
C. first
D. worst
37. A. place
B. location
C. spot
D. point
38. A. determined
B. confirmed
C. decided
D. judged
39. A. worrying
B. carrying
C. conferring
D. referring
40. A. overdue
B. overdone
C. overall
D. overwhelming
41. A. hint
B. bet
C. load
D. error
42. A. cost
B. tuition
C. fee
D. spending
43. A. surpassed
B. overstated
C. exaggerated
D. excelled
44. A. so
B. while
C. yet
D. but
45. A. any
B. certain
C. such
D. some
46. A. specifications
B. investigations
C. organizations
D. evolutions
47. A. always
B. hardly
C. often
D. also
48. A. defined
B. limited
C. refined
D. disabled
49. A. disturbing
B. distracting
C. attracting
D. contracting
50. A. never
B. yet
C. but
D. ever
PART IV READING COMPREHENSION ( 20 points)
Directions: In this part of the test, there are four passages for you
to read. Read each passage care-fully, and then do the questions that follow.
Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D, and mark the corresponding letter
on your Answer Sheet.
Passage One
Earthquakes may rightly be ranked as one of the most devastating forces
known to man: sin-ce records began to be written down, it has been estimated
that earthquake-related fatalities have numbered in the millions, and that
earthquake-related destruction has been beyond calculation. The greater
part of such damage and loss of life has been due to collapse of buildings
and the ef-fects of rockslides, floods, fire, disease, tsunamis (gigantic
sea waves), and other phenomena re-sulting from earthquakes rather than
from the quakes themselves.
The great majority of all earthquakes occur in two specific geographic
areas. One such area encompasses the Pacific Ocean and its contiguous land
masses. The other extends from the East Indies to the Atlas Mountains,
including the Himalayas, Iran, Turkey, and the Alpine regions. It is in
these two great belts or zones that ninety percent of all earthquakes take
place; they may, how-ever, happen anywhere at any time.
This element of the unknown has for centuries added greatly to
the dread and horror sur-rounding earthquakes, but in recent times there
have been indications that earthquake prediction may be possible. By analyzing
changes in animal behavior, patterns of movements in the earth's crust,
variations in the force of gravity and the earth's magnetic field, and
the frequency with which minor earth tremors are observed, scientists have
shown increasing success in anticipating when and where earthquakes will
strike. As a result, a worldwide earthquake warning network is already
in operation and has helped to prepare for (and thus lessen) the vast destruction
that might otherwise have been totally unexpected.
It is doubtful that man will ever be
able to control earthquakes and eliminate their destruc-tiveness altogether,
but as how and why earthquakes happen become better understood, man will
become more and more able to deal with their potential devastation before
it occurs.
51. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Earthquakes are highly feared, hut actually relatively harmless.
B. There is absolutely no way to predict when or where earthquakes
might occur.
C. Man is now able to predict when earthquakes will happen but not
where.
D. Man is now able to predict where earthquakes will happen, but not
when.
52. The phrase "this element of the unknown" (Paragraph 3) refers to
A. the two great earthquake zones
B. the fact that earthquakes can happen at any time or place
C. the percentage of earthquakes
D. the exact cause of earthquakes
53. Which of the following have been used to anticipate earthquake activity?
A. Changes in animal behavior.
B. Differences in the earth's magnetic field and force of gravity.
C. How often minor earth tremors have been observed.
D. All of the above.
54. The author wrote this passage
A. to amuse and entertain B. to question and criticize
C. to explain and inform D. to correct a misconception
55. What is the author's attitude toward the possibility of earthquake
prediction?
A. It will never be possible to predict earthquakes.
B. Earthquakes can already be predicted with great accuracy.
C. There is really no need to try to predict earthquake occurrences.
D. Earthquake prediction is becoming more and more possible.
Passage Two
Although few people
admit to being greatly influenced by ads, surveys and sales figures show
that a well-designed advertising campaign has dramatic effects. A logical
conclusion is that advertising works below the level of conscious awareness
and it works even on those who claim immunity to its message. Ads are designed
to have an effect while being laughed at, belittled, and all but ignored.
A person unaware of
advertising's claim on him is precisely the one most vulnerable (?????????)
to the adman's attack. Advertisers delight in an audience that believes
ads to be harmless nonsense, for such an audience is rendered defenceless
by its belief that there is no at-tack taking place. The purpose of classroom
study of advertising is to raise the level of awareness about the persuasive
techniques used in ads. One way to do this is to analyze ads in microscopic
detail. Ads can be studied to detect their psychological hooks, how they
are used to gauge values and hidden desires of the common man. They can
be studied for their use of symbols, color, and imagery. But perhaps the
simplest and most direct way to study ads is through an analysis of the
language of the advertising claim.
The claim is the verbal or print part of an
ad that makes some claim of superiority for the product being advertised.
After studying claims students should be able to recognize those that are
misleading and accept as useful information those that are true. A few
of these claims are down-right lies, some are honest statements about a
truly superior product, but most fit into the category of neither bold
lies nor helpful consumer information. They balance on the narrow line
between truth and falsehood by a careful choice of words.
56. Which of the following is true of advertising campaigns?
A. They are effective on people who refuse to be affected.
B. They are often ignored by people.
C. They are useless to rational people.
D. They are a waste of money.
57. Why is it important to be aware of how the adman's claim works?
A. Because one can choose the best products.
B. Because advertisements are difficult to understand.
C. Because no one is immune to advertisements.
D. Because one will not be so vulnerable to advertisements.
58. According to thc writer, which of the following statements
is true?
A. The adman's persuasive -techniques should be studied in detail.
B. It is impossible for the layman to understand the underlying principles
of advertisements.
C. People desire to see more advertisements.
D. Advertisements are harmless.
59. What is the best way to grasp the significance of advertising?
A. To pay attention to its color.
B. To notice its imagery.
C. To understand its symbols.
D. To look at its language.
60. What is the purpose in studying advertisement?
A. to tell the difference between the useful and misleading information.
B. To find out which product is of better quality.
C. To expose the lies told by advertisers.
D. To find out the needs of the customers.
Passage Three
The subject is picnics.
Please take notes, and smoke if you wish. We will kick off by defining
not what a picnic is, but what a picnic is not. A picnic is not a feast
of cold chicken, tomato salad, ham and warmish white wine consumed off
a fine tablecloth in a field or wood. Such a meal is only a portable business
lunch, eaten at a table without legs.
A picnic is not sandwiches.
Nor is it hampers, spirit kettles, cellapsible stools, storm-proof field-ovens
and so on. What, then, is a picnic? The following elements are indispensable:
ONE: Children. A picnic without children is like roast beef without York-shire
pudding. Children are the whole delight and purpose of a picnic. TWO: Glorious
weather. This is vital, for picnics and rain-clothes do not go hand in
hand. Picnics were intended to be eaten under a blue sky, with wasps in
the attendance. THREE: A good site. There must be streams to fall in, trees
to fall out of, hills to roll down, and preferably a mad bull somewhere
in sight. This gives picnicking its proper air of adventure. FOUR: The
right food. The following recipe is selected from a lifetime's experience
and will yield a successful picnic for four people. You get four small
deep carrier bags. Into each carrier bag you place these ingredients: One
banana. One orange. One small portion of pro-cessed cheese. One handful
of assorted biscuits. One packet of chewing gum. One sausage roll. One
bag of potato crisps. One hard-boiled egg and other items to taste. You
hand out the carri-er bags to your picnickers and set off. You do not worry
about anything. You park the car and step out briskly into the countryside.
You find a suitable spot and sit down. Your children begin to eat, ceasing
eating in order to catch dragonflies and resume eating after they have
fallen in a bog. You do not warn them against germs or about indigestion
(????). The sun shines on and you all asleep. All is pastoral and peaceful
except for the occasional magic cries of small picnickers being stung by
wasps. When it is time to leave, you put your discarded carrier bags away
and return home with nothing to carry. It will have been memorable, I promise
you.
61. According to the writer, the definition of a picnic is
A) a feast of carefully prepared food and wines to be enjoyed with
friends and
particularly children in the country.
B) a quick snack to be eaten during a short stop on a long journey
C) a meal eaten outdoors on a sunny day in the country surrounded by
children
who can do whatever they wish.
D) a lunchtime party in a country field that is reasonably safe to
children.
62. The writer writes "The subject is picnic. Please take notes and
smoke if you wish. " to create the impression that he is
A) talking to his children .
B) giving a lecture.
C) making a speech.
D) writing a newspaper article.
63. It can be inferred from the passage that
A) the writer dislikes picnics where there are too many things to carry.
B) the best picnics are those which will be unforgettable.
C) the picnic site should be exciting and slightly dangerous for the
children.
D) the food must be attractive and tasty rather than nutri-tious.
64. The sentence "Picnics were intended to be eaten under a blue sky,
with wasps in attendance" ( Para. 2) suggests that
A) the perfect picnic ironically involves a little discomfort.
B) unfortunately you can't get rid of wasps on picnic.
C) similarly wasps like to fly out in clear weather.
D) you may be stung by wasps if you are not careful.
65. The best title for this passage can be .
A) The Element of A Picnic .
B) What Is A Picnic?
C) The Good Picnic Guide
D) A Memorable Picnic
Passage Four
The urge to explore is inborn in Man. Wherever his imagina-tion roams,
Man seeks to go. A large part of history is concerned with the exploration
of the world in which we live. Time and again men have set out with amazing
courage and fortitude (??) to look into unknown regions and lands to see
what had not yet been seen, to make known the unknown. With kites?balloons
and aircraft he left the ground to range through the lower atmo-sphere.
Now outer space receives his attention.
The hard way to answer the question, why should Man bother about conquering
space, is to attempt to list the specific practical benefits that will
result. One knows, from past experi-ence in other areas, that Man will
surely see and discover new things in space, that will increase our store
of scientific knowl-edge, and this knowledge will find its way into valuable
practical uses. What we learn about Man himself, from his experience in
space, and from the effects of space and the space flight enviro-nment
on him, will be invaluable. The new techniques developed to carry out the
exploration of space, and to keep men alive in space, will inevitably find
their way into valu-able practical uses in everyday living. The areas that
will benefit are manifold. They include communications, generation of power,
transportation and travel, food production, human comfort and welfare and
many others. But to state specifically just what the practical outcomes
will be is virtually impossible.
66. From the first paragraph, we can conclude that
A) Man often goes anywhere he images to go.
B) human beings' nature to explore what is unknown.
C) Man's history is chiefly about his exploration of the world.
D) Man is not interested in the study of the land and the sea now.
67. In the second paragraph the writer tries to convince us that space
exploration will be
_________ to human beings.
A) inevitable C) profitable
B) impossible D) valueless
68. The word "manifold" (Para. 2) probably means
A) various. C) exclusive.
B) limited. D) forbidden.
69. The writer of this passage seems to be
A) positive about Man's exploring space.
B) puzzled about the practicality of space.
C) worried about some side-benefit of exploring space.
D) specific about what Man has achieved In space.
70. The paragraph following this one would probably deal with
A) how we make full use of space.
.
B) which planet should be the first one to explore.
C) when human beings can move to outer space.
D) how Man explores the space.
PAPER TWO
PART V TRANSLATION ( 15 points)
( ????????)
Section A (20 minutes, 10 points)
Directions: Put the following paragraphs into Chinese. Write your Chinese
version in the proper space on Answer Sheet II.
All of us can change our behavior to fit different situations.
We are joyous, often noisy, at weddings and birthday celebrations, sympathetic
at funerals, attentive lectures, serious and re-spectful at religious services.
Even the clothes we wear on these different occasions may vary. When we
speak with close friends, we are free to interrupt them and we will not
be offended if they interrupt us. When we speak to employers, however,
we are inclined hear them out before saying anything ourselves. If we 't
make such adjustments, we are likely to get into trouble. We may fail to
accomplish our purpose and we are almost sure to be considered ill-mannered
or worse.
From one point of view, language is behavior. It is part of the way we act. It builds a bridge of communication without which society could not even exist. And like every other kind of behavior, it must be adjusted to fit different contexts of situations where it is used. When we think of all adjustments regularly made in any one language, we speak language variety. When we think of the adjustments any person makes in different situations, we use the term style.
Section B (20 minutes, 10 points)
Directions: Put the following paragraph into English. Write your Chinese
version in the proper space on Answer Sheet II.
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
PART VI WRITING ( 10 points)
Directions: Write a composition about 120 words on the following topic:
我们为什么读研究生
Qualification
Exam for Non-English Major Master Students
(1995)
PAPER ONE
PART I. LISTENING COMPREHENSION (15 MINUTES, 15 POINTS)
Section A (1 point each)
Directions: In this part, you will hear 9 short conversations
between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will
be asked about what was said. The question will be spoken just one time.
After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four
possible answers and decide which one is the best answer to the question
you have heard. Then on your answer sheet, find the number
of the question and mark the letter that
corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen
1. A. She's a little tired.
B. She wants to listen to music.
C. She is going to study. D. She's
going to make a reservation.
2. A. He wants the woman to fix his watch.
B. He'll call her when the watch is fixed.
C. He doesn't want to go home.
D. He wants her to fix the watch within one week.
3. A. hostility
B. roundabout refusal
C. rejection
D. hesitation
4. A. Preparing for a trip.
B. Trying to repair an electric razor.
C. Buying some clothing.
D. Going to visit some friends downtown.
5. A. In a restaurant. B. In a train. C. At an airport. D. In a taxi.
6. A. She doesn't want to ask Mr. Jones herself.
B. She doesn't want to work for Mr. Jones.
C. Mr. Jones may have broken the radio.
D. Mr. Jones might fix the radio.
7. A. Lending something to a student. B. Asking for
some financial aid.
C. Reading a student's application.
D. Borrowing money for the business.
8. A. She suspects that primitive punishment will not do any good.
B. She feels sorry for those criminals who will
be punished severely.
C. She agrees with the man that crime needs treatment.
D. She thinks severe punishment is necessary to
stop crime.
9. A. She encourages the man to do what he likes.
B. Under no circumstances should the man drink at
all.
C. It is dangerous to drink when one is driving.
D. She offers to drive the car when the man is drinking.
Section B (1 point each)
Directions: In this section, you will hear two short passages.
At the end of each passage, there will be some questions. Both the passage
and questions will be read to you only once.
1
After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause,
you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking
the corresponding letter with a single bar across the brackets on your
Answer Sheet.
Questions 10 through 12 are based on the following talk.
10. A. a sales representative
B. a store manager
C. a committee chairperson
D. a class president
11. A. To determine who will graduate this year.
B. To discuss the seating arrangement.
C. To choose the chairperson of the ceremonies.
D. To begin planning the graduation ceremonies.
12. A. Their names, phone numbers,and job preference.
B. The names and addresses of their guests.
C. The names of the committees they worked
on last year.
D. Their dormitory name, address of their
guests.
Questions 13 through 15 are based on the following passage.
13. A. Niagara Falls--- a Breath-taking Look
B. Power Transmission in New York
C. How to Save Electric Power in New
York
D. A Brief Introduction to the New York
Power Authority
14. A. To serve the people of New York State.
B. To make a huge profit.
C. To help itself to tax dollars or state
credit.
D. To make Niagara Falls a big tourist attraction.
15. A. It is burning coal at very low prices.
B. It is funded by the federal government.
C. It is using low-cost hydropower.
D. New Yorkers are contributing money to its
operation.
PART II. VOCABULARY ( 10 MINUTES, 10 POINTS)
Section A ( 0.5 point each )
Directions: There are ten sentences in this section.
Each sentence has one word or a set of words underlined. Below the sentence
are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D. Choose the word or phrase
that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding
letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Answer
Sheet.
16. It is difficult to understand this kind of complicated calculation.
A. varied B. abstract
C. hypothetical
D. intricate
17. Many simulated gems are sold on today's market.
A. stolen B. inferior
C. misclassified D. artificial
2
18. The parade retarded the progress of the traffic going crosstown.
A. stood by B. helped with
C. slowed up D. followed after
19. The department chairman refused to authorize the requisition.
A. request B. transfer
C. grant D. project
20. The factory is now trying to turn out a new model.
A. petition B. predict C. contemplate
D. manufacture
21. I became angrier and angrier as Don talked, but I refrained from
saying anything.
A. held back B. held forth
C. held up D. held down
22. The club members voted to repeal the ban on smoking.
A. recess B. inquire
C. refrain D. abolish
23. The lease is explicit in saying the rent must be paid by the 10th
of every month.
A. precise B. vague
C. unfriendly D. helpful
24. The man was very reluctant to give his money away.
A. imitative B. impatient
C. unwilling D. anxious
25. Astronomers were glad to know that their assumptions about the moon
were correct.
A. suppositions B. descriptions
C. philosophy D. summarizations
Section B (0.5 point each)
Directions: There are ten sentences in this section.
Each sentence has something omitted. Choose the word or words from the
four choices given to best complete each sentence.
26. It is possible to form some _____ between the kinds of things bought
and the people
who buy them.
A. distinctions B. associations
C. differences D. companions
27. The parents were happy to know that their son had won _____ to Beijing
University.
A. permission B. profession
C. admiration
D. admission
28. If a man is easily taken in by emotional traps, he will not be able
to make _____
judgments.
A. sensitive B. sensible
C. sentimental D. sensational
29. The TV announcer apologized for the breakdown and said that normal
service would be
_____ as soon as possible.
A. reserved B. resumed
C. recited D. reclaimed
30. To become a soldier, he had to go through a rigorous training period.
A. severe B. serious
C. regular D. tedious
31. Their knowledge and experience will _____ the progress of the work.
A. distribute to B. attribute to
C. contribute to D. relate to
32. We noticed several reservoirs, and around them the green trees _____
so sharply.
A. stood out
B. stood for
C. stood by
C. stood up
33. He will be very upset if you _____ his offer of help.
A. turn away
B. turn from
C. turn down
D. turn against
34. When it became clear that management and the union could not settle
their differences,
the President _____ to settle the argument.
A. interacted B. intervened
C. interconnected D. interviewed
35. Given the premise that cities are obsolete, there must be suggestions
for ______
patterns of living as well as ways to
freely implement them.
A. alternative B. alternate
C. alternating D. altered
PART III. CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 15 points )
Directions: Read the passage through. Then go back and
choose one item of suitable word(s) marked A,B,C or D for each blank
in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word(s) you have chosen
with a single bar across the square brackets on your Answer Sheer.
A market is a set of arrangements by which buyers and sellers are in contact to exchange foods or services. Some markets physically __36___ together the buyer and the seller. Other markets operate chiefly through intermediaries who __37__ business on behalf of clients. In supermarkets, sellers choose the price, __38__ the shelves, and leave customers to choose whether or not to make a __39__.
__40__ superficially different, these markets perform the __41__ economic function. They determine prices __42__ ensure that the quantity people wish to buy equals the quantity people wish to sell. Price __43__ quantity cannot be considered separately. In establishing that the price of a Rolls Royce(?????????? is ten __44__ the price of a small Ford, the market for motor cars __45__ ensures that production and sales of small Fords will greatly __46__ the production and sales of Rolls Royces. These prices guide __47__ in choosing what, how, and for whom to purchase.
To understand this process more fully, we require a mode of a typical market. The essential features __48__ which such a model must concentrate are demand, the behavior of buyers, and supply, the behavior of sellers. It will __49__ be possible to study the interaction of these forces to see how a market work in __50__.
2
36. A. call
B. bring C. take
D. make
37. A. transfer B. check C. handle D. interact
38. A. stock B. store C. shelter D. specify
39. A. pursuit B. provision C. proximity D. purchase
40. A. Since B. Although C. When D. If
41. A . same B. significant C. best D. important
42. A. so B. that C. also D. thus
43. A. or B. without C. with D. and
44. A. times to B. times that C. times D. times than
45. A. inversely
B. instantaneously
C. simultaneously
D. successfully
46. A. exceed B. proceed C. succeed D. precede
47. A. customer B. association C. manufacturer D. society
48. A. in B. on C. for D. at
49. A. also B. then C. either D. even
50. A. practice B. public
C. progress D. order
PART IV. READING COMPREHENSION (45
MINUTES, 30 POINTS)
Directions: In this part of the test, there are six passages
for you to read. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions
that follow. Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D, and mark the corresponding
letter on your Answer Sheet.
(1)
The first man to jump out of an aeroplane when travelling at
a speed greater than sound as Arthur Ray Hawkins, one of the most outstanding
United States Navy pilots. Jumps of this sort had long been regarded as
impossible.
During an air show over Mississippi in 1954, Hawkins was flying an entirely new type of plane. At 40,000feet, the nose of the plane dipped sharply. No matter how hard he tried, Hawkins could not pull it out of the dive and it gathered such speed that it was soon travelling faster than sound. Strapped in his seat, and hanging upside-down, the pilot could not reach the button which would destroy the top of the plane. Near him however, there was another button which was to be used only in times of very great danger. Hawkins pressed it. There was an explosion and his seat--which shielded him to some extent---burst through the glass shell above his head.
While still half conscious, Hawkins tried to pull the ribbon which would open his parachute. It was fortunate that he failed in his attempt, for at such a rate of speed, the parachute would have been torn to pieces. As he sped towards the earth, he realized that the breathing-tube which supplied him with air had also been torn away. Rapidly losing consciousness because of the lack of air, he knew that he had to open the parachute---otherwise he might not get another chance to do so. At about 29,000 feet, the parachute opened and Hawkins pulled a handle which freed him from the pilot seat. While swinging through the air in slow motion, he began to tremble with cold and everything went grey: he was not getting enough air! Just then, he remembered a rule for breathing at great heights. He took short, sharp breaths and so forced air into the bloodstream. This kept him alive until, at 10,000 feet, he could breathe without difficulty. Soon afterwards, he landed safely in a field of cotton, His plane crashed into a wood nearby, but luckily no one was hurt.
51. The event described in this passage took place______.
A. during a test-flight of a new type of plane
B. during an air raid launched by the U.S. Navy
C. during a demonstration flight
D. during a routine flight for training pilots
52. The plane Hawkins flew in______.
A. was designed to fly at a speed faster than sound
B. gathered a speed faster than sound when diving
out of control
C. was able to fly upside-down in the air
D. was likely to strap the pilot in his seat
53. The explosion caused by the press of the button did not hurt Hawkins
as he was______.
A. strapped in his seat
B. just under the glass shell
C. able to quickly jump out of the plane
D. protected by the pilot seat
54. Had Hawkins opened his parachute at his first attempt he would have______.
A. been killed before he landed on the ground
B. lost control of his parachute
C. been an outstanding hero pilot
D. succeeded in landing safely
55. The pilot continued to drop at a great speed until______.
A. he started to use the rule for breathing at high altitude
B. he was able to open his parachute and abandon his pilot
seat
C. his breathing-tube was torn away
D. his consciousness was half gained
56. From this passage we can conclude that Hawkins______.
A. was brave enough to jump out of his airplane at a speed
greater than sound
B. got very good training for jumping out of an airplane
C.accidentally became the first man to jump out of an
airplane at a speed greater than
sound
D. was very lucky not to have been killed in the accident
(2)
The question is: what is science fiction? And the answer must
be, unfortunately, that there have been few attempts to consider this question
at any length or with much seriousness; it may well be that science fiction
will resist any comprehensive definition of its characteristics. To say
this however, does not mean that there are no ways of defining it nor that
various facets of its totality cannot be clarified. To begin, the following
definition should be helpful: science fiction is a literary sub-class which
requires a change (for human begins) from conditions as we know them and
follows the implications of these changes to a conclusion. Although this
definition will necessarily be modified, and expanded, and probably changed,
in the course of this exploration, it covers much of the basic groundwork
and provides a point of departure.
The first point---that science fiction is a literary sub-class---is a very important one, but one which is often overlooked or ignored in most discussions of science fiction. Specially, science fiction is a sub-class of prose fiction, for nearly every piece of science fiction is either a short story or a novel. There are only a few dramas which could be called science fiction, with Karel Capek's RUR (Rossum's Universal Robots) being the only one that is well known; the body of poetry that might be labeled science fiction is only slightly larger. To say that science fiction is a sub-class of prose fiction is to say that it has all the basic characteristics and serves the same basic function in much the same way as prose fiction in general---that is, it shares a great deal with all other novels and short stories.
Everything that can be said about prose fiction, in general applies to science fiction. Every piece of science fiction, whether short story or novel, must have a narrator, a story, a plot, a setting, characters, language, and theme. And like any prose, the themes of science fiction are concerned with interpreting man's nature and experience in relation to the world around him. Themes in science fiction are constructed and presented in exactly the same ways that themes are dealt with in any other kind of fiction. They are the result of a particular combination of narrator, story,plot,character, setting,and language. In short, the reasons for reading and enjoying science fiction,and the ways of studying and analyzing it, are basically the same they would be for any other story or novel.
57. Science fiction is called a literary sub-class because______.
A. It is not important enough to be a literary genre
B. It cannot be made into a dramatic presentation
C. It has its limits
D. It shares characteristics with other types of
prose fiction
58. Witch of the following does NOT usually contribute to the theme
in a piece of science
fiction?
A. narrator
B. setting
C. rhyme
D. plot
59. An appropriate title for this passage would be______.
A. On the Dramatic Features of Science Fiction
B. Toward a Definition of Science Fiction
C. Man and the Nature
D. A Type of Prose Fiction
60. The author's definition suggests that all science fiction deals
with______.
A. the unfamiliar or unusual
B. the same topics addressed by novels and short
stories
C. Karel Capek's well-known hypothesis
D. the confliction between science and fiction
(3)
What are we? To the biologists
we are members of a sub-species called Homo Sapiens, which represents a
division of the species known as Homo Sapiens. Every species is unique
and distinct: that is part of the definition of a species. But what is
particularly interesting about our species? For a start, we walk upright
on our hind legs at all times, which is an extremely unusual way of getting
around for a mammal. There are also several unusual features about our
head, not least of which is the very large brain it contains. A second
unusual feature is our strangely flattened face with its prominent, down-turned
nose. Apes and monkeys have faces that stand out forwards as a muzzle and
have "squashed" noses on top of his muzzle. There are many mysteries about
human evolution, and the reason for our unusually shaped nose is one of
them. Another mystery is our nakedness, or rather apparent nakedness. Unlike
the apes, we are not covered by a coat of thick hair. Human body hair is
very plentiful, but it is extremely fine and short so that, for all practical
purposes, we are naked. Very probably this has something to do with the
second interesting feature of our body; the skin is richly covered with
millions of microscopic sweat glands (???. The human ability to sweat is
unmatched in the primate ( ????? ? world.
So much for our appearance: what about our behavior? Our four limbs, being freed from helping us to get about, possess a very high degree of manipulative skill. Part of this skill lies in the brain. No matter how suitable the limbs are for detailed manipulation, they are useless in the absence of finely tuned instructions delivered through nerve fibres. The most obvious product of our hands and brains is technology. No other animal manipulates the world in the extensive and arbitrary way that humans do. The termites (?? ) are capable of constructing intricately structured piles which create their own "air-conditioned" environment inside. But the termites cannot choose to build a church instead. Humans are unique because they have the capacity to choose what they do.
61. According to the author, biologists see us as ______.
A. exactly the same as Homo
Sapiens
B. a divided species
C. a distinct species from
Homo Sapiens
D. a sub-group of Homo Sapiens
62. Which of the following is NOT true of the statements in this
passage?
A. Most mammals do not normally
walk or move upright on their hind legs.
B. Our body hair is plentifully
grown for practical purposes.
C. We are distinct from
mammals such as apes and monkeys by the way our noses
evolved.
D. The size of our brains
marks up unique as compared to other animals.
63. The author explains that other primates ______.
A. do not sweat
B. sweat more than human
beings
C. do not sweat as much
as humans
D. have larger sweat glands
than humans
64. What is most important about our hands?
A. The way they are made.
B. They are very skillful.
C. Our control over them.
D. Their muscular power.
65. The author implies that _____.
A. Our hands and brains
are cooperative through nerve fibres
B. We cannot skillfully
accomplish anything without being instructed
C. Technology results from
the power of our manipulative skill
D. Human beings are the
only species that can manipulate the world
(4)
One of the strangest things about controversy over advertising
is that the greater the fusses, the more of a mystery the industry itself
seems to become. Advertising is a passionate area. It seems to affect those
who attack it and those who defend it in remarkable similar ways. Before
long both are exhibiting the same compulsive urge to overstate their case
so that it is difficult to believe that the critics and the defenders of
advertising are even arguing over the same thing.
But just as it seemed sensible to us to regard advertising without going to either extreme, so it also seemed logical to try and find out, as cool-bloodedly as we could, what advertising in the Britain of the sixties' really was.
We knew that it consumed around $500 million a year, or roughly 2 per cent of the national income. We knew that it employed something over 200,000 individuals, the majority of whom were paid salaries considerably above the national average. And we knew that it was supposedly run in accordance with certain rather vague and often complex rules and professional taboos.
But once we tried finding out exactly what all this money went on, what all these highly paid individuals did for it (and with it), and how the rules and taboos influenced them, a curious thing happened. This strange animal called advertising, so loathed by its critics and so beloved by its defenders, began to disappear. In its place were advertising men and advertising agencies --- all working in different ways and to different rules and all showing quite startling differences of competence, taste and effectiveness.
We started by expecting to find a conspiracy of case-hardened persuaders. We ended by discovering groups of well paid, highly anxious individuals all trying, in their various ways, to accommodate a number of opposed and often contradictory forces within their work. Their success or failure in reconciling these forces results in the advertising we all must endure.
All this seemed of considerable importance For unless society is willing to give advertising complete freedom (which strikes us as absurdity) any future move to reform advertising will have to make the mental effort to understand what it is about and why its practitioners behave as they do. To understand this the first necessity will be to understand these forces that shape their working lives.
66. The advertising industry is a mystery to most people because ______.
A. everyone makes such a fuss about
it
B. it is such a controversial subject
C. its critics and defenders are not
really talking about the same thing
D. no one seems able to discuss
it calmly and rationally
67. The writers began their investigation of advertising ______.
A. in an analytical, unprejudiced frame
of mind
B. in an attempt to discover its professional
secrets
C. in order to expose its faults to
the general public
D. to find out the basic facts and figures
connected with its organisation
68. What surprised the writer most, once they had begun their
investigation, was that _____.
A. advertising executives were so highly
paid
B. it was impossible to find out where
all the money went
C. the rules and taboos they had heard
about did not exist
D. there was so little consistency that
it was impossible to generalise
69. The average advertising executive, in the writers' opinion,
is _____.
A. incapable of coping with so many
conflicting forces
B. more sensitive and concerned about
his work than is generally believed
C. overpaid and overworked
D. so cynical because of his experience
that he inflicts his cynicism on the public
70. The writers believe that society should ______.
A. let advertisers go on more
or less as they like
B. impose strict controls on all
advertising immediately
C. reform advertising on the lines
they themselves have proposed
D. study advertising and its problems
before making changes
(5)
Comparatively few fresh-water species of fishes are limited
in their distribution to a single river system, yet not many are found
on both sides of a high mountain ridge, such as the Rocky Mountains known
as the Continental Divide in North America. That is to say, the fishes
of the Mississippi Valley are generally different and distinct from those
of the Pacific slope.
While it is a well-known fact that the fish life in no two river systems, even though they empty into the sea on the same side of a divide, is exactly identical, such streams do have many species in common. The principal rivers of the Atlantic slope of the United States, For example, contain several species common to all of them, including the bullhead catfish, the bluegill sunfish, and the large-mouth bass. None of these species can endure salt water, so that they cannot now migrate from one river system to another. On the other hand, the more northern streams contain species not found in the southern ones, and vice versa. The common pike, for example, is found in the Atlantic streams from Maryland northward, and the brook trout and yellow perch occur only in the streams from North Carolina southward.
How the present distribution came about must remain a matter of conjecture ????. It is quit probable that some of the streams, including those on opposite sides of a divide, may have been connected at one time. Again, streams may be entirely separate during normal weather, but an exceptionally heavy rainfall or the sudden melting of snow in the uplands sometimes causes floods which may form a temporary connection between them, providing a passageway for fishes. It is possible also, that water birds may accidentally carry fish or spawn from one stream to another, or that man may be instrumental in such a transfer.
Evidently, then, fresh-water fishes may become distributed far beyond the confines of the stream of their origin. The chief factor in limiting the still wider distribution of species is temperature. This forms such an efficient barrier that comparatively few species of fresh-water fishes of the United states extend their range into Mexico. In Panama only one fish common to the fresh waters of the States has been found, and that is the eel, which is not strictly a fresh-water form, as it enters salt water to spawn ????and is taken in fairly salty water at other times.
71. The major reason why few species of fresh-water fish are found
in rivers on either side
of the Rocky Mountains is _____.
A. a drainage divide
B. heavy rainfall of snowfall
C. a temperature barrier
D. unsuitability of environment
72. Efforts to deliberately transplant the bluegill sunfish and the
large-mouth bass into
Panama would probably fail due to _____.
A. new environment
B. saltiness
C. rainfall
D. temperature
73. Species which cannot tolerate saltiness may nevertheless
spread into another river by
any of the following mechanisms
except ______.
A. being carried by birds
B. flooded connections
C. the actions of man
D. spawning in the river mouth
74. The common eel has uniquely wide distribution because it _____.
A. can swim in the ocean
B. is sensitive to temperature
C. is prized for food
D. was planted by Indian
75. The principal purpose of the author is to explain ______.
A. restrictions on the spread of fishes
B. man's impact on the environment
C. the evolution of fresh-water fishes
D. where eels spawn
(6)
Imagine an accident in which a nuclear power plant
releases radioactive gas. The cloud starts moving with the wind. Clearly,
the authorities will want to evacuate anyone in its path, but what is that
path? Local wind information is meaningless without information about terrain;
a mountain range or series of valleys can divert both wind and gas in unpredictable
directions.
To make "downwind" a useful term, scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory have put the United States on a computer. The entire United States. Every hill, every valley, every mile of seashore. Within minutes of a disaster, they can give meteorologists a context for weather data, and thus the ability to predict how toxic gases might spread.
The data base for this computer map is a series of altitude measurements, made over many years by the Defense Department and the U.S. Geological Survey. They represent the height above sea level of over a billion separate points -- a grid (?????? of points 200 feet apart, spanning the country. Armed with these data, plus a program that manipulates them, a Cray-1 computer can produce an image of any piece of terrain, seen from any angle, illuminated by an imaginary sun at any time of day placing the "observer" at any altitude from zero to 40,000 feet.
"We use a technique called ray tracing," says Patrick Weidhaas, one of the Livermore computer scientists who wrote the program. The computer is told where the observer is. The program traces an imaginary ray from there outward until it "intersects" with one of the points of altitude recorded in the machine's memory. The computer then puts a dot of color at the proper place on the screen, and the program traces another ray.
At it s highest resolution of 2,000 horizontal and 1,700 vertical dots per picture, the computer has to trace several million rays. Even on the Cray, the most powerful computer in the world, this takes about a minute. Reducing the resolution to 400 X 300 (a TV screen has 900 X 700) speeds it up to about eight seconds. "We can't produce a movie simulating flight on the screen in real time," says Weidhaas. There is a way around the problem: Two movies have been made using still pictures generated by the computer as individual frames. "The results were impressive," he says, "but it was a tremendous job to do. At twenty-four frames per second, it takes fourteen hundred separate computer images to make a one minute film." Another limitation: The computer can access only enough memory to cover a 15-mile-square area. An "observer" high up will see blank spaces beyond those limits.
Weidhaas wants to add information
about what overlies the terrain -- cities, vegetation, roads, and so on.
"Marking the image as realistic as possible will make our advice more effective,"
he says, "and might lead to uses we haven't thought of yet.
76. As used in the first paragraph, terrain most clearly means _____.
A. available information about the weather
B. surrounding land area
C. blank spaces between the mountain ranges
D. amount of forest per square mile
77. Livermore's computer map, in combination with weather reports,
might be useful in
predicting which of the following?
A. where incoming nuclear missiles might strike
B. path of toxic gases from a nuclear power plant
explosion
C. average annual rainfall for North Dakota
D. the amount of pollution in the air
78. Another use of the Livermore computer map not mentioned in the
selection might be ____.
A. watching for tornadoes
B. watching for UFOs
C. predicting the path of a massive forest fire
D. predicting violent storms from the Arctic
79. Which of the following is the best description of ray tracing?
A. The computer simulates rays of the sun, filling
in areas of light and shadow.
B. Lines radiate outward from the imagined observer
and a dot of color is placed where
the line intersects with
one of the points of altitude in the machine's memory.
C. X-rays are used to trace the outline of the terrain
through buildings and trees.
D. The exact movement of rays is used by private
detectives to solve mysteries and
locate missing persons.
80. Information about cities, vegetation, and road overlying the terrain
______.
A. has to be eliminated before correct readings
can obtained
B. would be impossible to convert to data that a
computer would accept
C. might lead to new applications and improve effectiveness
of present uses
D. would make ray tracing obsolete
PAPER TWO
PART V . TRANSLATION (40 MINUTES, 20 POINTS)
Section A (20 minutes, 10 points)
Directions: Put the following passage into
Chinese. Write your Chinese version on Answer Sheet II.
Applied research and development differs in several important respects from pure science. Since the objective can often be definitely mapped out before hand, the work lends itself to organized effort. If successful, the results of applied research are of definitely practical or commercial value. The very heavy expenses of such work are, therefore, undertaken by private organizations only in the hope of ultimately recovering the funds invested. But it is important to emphasize that there is a perverse law governing research. Under the pressure for immediate results, and unless deliberate policies are set up to guard against this, applied research invariably drives out pure.
Section B ( 20 minutes, 10 points)
Directions: Put the following passage
into English. Write your English version in the proper space on Answer
Sheet II.
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PART VI. WRITING ( 30 MINUTES, 10 POINTS)
Directions: Write a composition of at least
120 words on the topic:
What Makes Life Worthwhile. You should base your
composition on the following outline:
1. Your viewpoint on this topic
2. Support your position with details or examples
3. Your conclusion or suggestion
Write your composition on the Answer Sheet.